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Lesson 19 N5

Ta Form & Experiences

Learn the plain past form (た form), express past experiences with 〜たことがあります, list actions with 〜たり, and express change with 〜なります.

た form (plain past) 〜たことがあります (experiences) 〜たり〜たりする (listing actions) 〜なります (becoming)

The た Form (Plain Past)

The is the informal/plain past tense of verbs. It's formed similarly to the て form, but replacing て with た and で with だ.

Verb Type Dictionary て form た form
る-verbs 食べる (taberu) 食べて 食べた
う-verbs (-く) 書く (kaku) 書いて 書いた
う-verbs (-ぐ) 泳ぐ (oyogu) 泳いで 泳いだ
う-verbs (-む/-ぬ/-ぶ) 読む (yomu) 読んで 読んだ
う-verbs (-す) 話す (hanasu) 話して 話した
う-verbs (-つ/-う/-る) 待つ (matsu) 待って 待った
Irregular 行く (iku) 行って 行った
Irregular する (suru) して した
Irregular 来る (kuru) 来て (kite) 来た (kita)
Examples
Kinou, eiga o mita. I watched a movie yesterday. (casual)
Mou shukudai o shita. I already did my homework. (casual)

Past Experiences: 〜たことがあります

Use to express that you have had the experience of doing something at some point in your life.

Pattern
Verb (た form) + ことがあります
I have (done something) before / I have the experience of...
Examples
Nihon ni itta koto ga arimasu. I have been to Japan (before).
Sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu ka. Have you ever eaten sushi?
Iie, mada tabeta koto ga arimasen. No, I haven't eaten it yet.
Fujisan ni nobotta koto ga arimasu. I have climbed Mt. Fuji.
Negative Form

To say you have never done something: 〜たことがありません (〜ta koto ga arimasen)

Listing Actions: 〜たり〜たりする

Use to list representative actions without following a strict chronological order. It implies "do things like X and Y" (among other things).

Pattern
Verb (た form) + り, Verb (た form) + り + する
Do things like [verb1] and [verb2]
Examples
Shuumatsu wa eiga o mitari, kaimono o shitari shimasu. On weekends, I do things like watch movies and go shopping.
Yasumi no hi wa souji shitari, sentaku shitari shimasu. On my days off, I do things like cleaning and laundry.
Kinou wa hon o yondari, ongaku o kiitari shimashita. Yesterday I did things like read books and listen to music.

Expressing Change: 〜なります

Use to express that something "becomes" or "gets" a certain way. The form changes depending on what comes before it.

Patterns
い-adjective (drop い) + く + なります
な-adjective + に + なります
Noun + に + なります
With い-adjectives
Samuku narimashita. It got cold. / It became cold.
Nihongo ga jouzu ni narimashita. My Japanese got better. (lit: became skilled)
With な-adjectives
Heya ga kirei ni narimashita. The room became clean.
Shizuka ni narimashita. It became quiet.
With Nouns
Isha ni naritai desu. I want to become a doctor.
Haru ni narimashita. It became spring. / Spring has come.
Type Original + なります
い-adj 寒い (samui) 寒くなる
い-adj 高い (takai) 高くなる
な-adj 元気 (genki) 元気になる
な-adj 上手 (jouzu) 上手になる
Noun 大人 (otona) 大人になる
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