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Lesson 4 N5

Time and Daily Routine

Learn to tell time, talk about schedules, and describe daily activities in Japanese.

Telling time から〜まで (from-to) Daily verbs Schedules

Telling Time in Japanese

To tell time in Japanese, use the counter (ji) for hours and (fun/pun) for minutes.

Pattern
[number] 時 [number] 分
[number] ji [number] fun/pun
Hour Japanese Reading
1:00ichi-ji
2:00ni-ji
3:00san-ji
4:00yo-ji ⚠️
5:00go-ji
6:00roku-ji
7:00shichi-ji ⚠️
8:00hachi-ji
9:00ku-ji ⚠️
10:00juu-ji
11:00juuichi-ji
12:00juuni-ji
Irregular Readings

Note the special readings: 4:00 is yo-ji (not yon-ji), 7:00 is shichi-ji (not nana-ji), and 9:00 is ku-ji (not kyuu-ji).

Minutes

Minutes use the counter , which has sound changes depending on the number.

Minutes Japanese Reading
1 minip-pun ⚠️
2 minni-fun
3 minsan-pun ⚠️
4 minyon-pun ⚠️
5 mingo-fun
10 minjup-pun ⚠️
15 minjuugo-fun
30 minsanjup-pun
Examples
Ima nan-ji desu ka. What time is it now?
San-ji juugo-fun desu. It's 3:15.

From ~ To: から〜まで

Use (kara) for "from" and (made) for "to/until" to express time ranges.

Pattern
[time/place] から [time/place] まで
from [X] to/until [Y]
Examples
Ku-ji kara go-ji made hatarakimasu. I work from 9:00 to 5:00.
Getsuyoubi kara kinyoubi made gakkou ga arimasu. There is school from Monday to Friday.
Toukyou kara Oosaka made shinkansen de san-jikan desu. It's 3 hours from Tokyo to Osaka by bullet train.

Daily Routine Verbs

Common verbs used to describe daily activities:

Verb Reading Meaning
okimasuto wake up
nemasuto sleep/go to bed
hatarakimasuto work
yasumimasuto rest/take a day off
benkyou shimasuto study
owarimasuto finish/end
hajimarimasuto begin/start
Daily Schedule Examples
Maiasa roku-ji ni okimasu. I wake up at 6:00 every morning.
Shigoto wa go-ji ni owarimasu. Work ends at 5:00.
Juuichi-ji goro nemasu. I go to bed around 11:00.
Time Particle に

Use after specific times to indicate "at" that time. Words like (goro - around) don't need に.